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JAMAICAN HERBS-10 WAYS TO USE THEM
Jamaican Herbs has many different uses.There are a vast amount of Jamaican herbs and each herb has a story or a meaning.Listed here are 10 popular ways in which herbs are used
1)MEDICINAL PURPOSES.
Many scientific medicine have been made from the extracts of herbs. Some people on the other hand believe in consuming herbs naturally,without any chemicals and/or additives. These people use herbs in the form of teas,tinctures,baths and rinses to cure certain ailments.Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages and can be a debate of scientific medicine verses herbs.The most popular medicinal herbs are
Soursop Leave (Graviola Leaves),
Guinea Hen Weed (Anamu),
Moringa leaves and Seeds,
Dog Blood
Damiana (Ram goat dash/Ram goat national)
ALOE VERA
Mint
Sarsaperilla
STRONG BACK
FEVER GRASS(LEMON GRASS)
2)FOR COOKING.
Herbs are used as seasoning for meats and other foods.Some herbs like thyme, garlic, ginger, parsley, basil and lemon grass are a few of the herbs used to provide a tasty dish. These herbs are also used in the form of herb infused oil, for flavour.
3)Decoration
Some Jamaican herbs are used as decoration for the house,some are used as garnish to decorate dishes and also garnish for beverages.A herbal display is always a beauty.
4)FOR DRINK
Herbs in the form of a drink is very popular and nourishing.They are sometimes taken as a hot beverage with breakfast.Herbs like green tea, mint, wild basil and lemon grass, soursop leaves, guinea hen weed, Dandelion(wild coffee) are some of the Jamaican herbs enjoyed as a hot beverage.
5)BATHS.
Herbs are used in the form of a bath for relaxation.After a stressful day it is usually recommended to take a long warm herbal bath to relax and unwind.Herbs like soursop leaves are used in a bath to help one to sleep or to relax.
Guinea hen weed is used in a bath to relieve pain.Tamarind leaves are used for itching of the skin,chicken pox,measles and eczema.
6) DETOX.
Herbal detox is the popular way to cleanse the blood. Herbs like dandelion, neem, guinae henweed , moringa , cerassee and milk thistle are herbs used in the form of teas to cleanse the blood from toxins .
7)Skin and Hair care.
To avoid some of the hazardous chemicals used in commercial skin and hair care products,some people make their own herbal skin lotions ,herbal shampoos , facial products and deodorants at home.Aloe Vera , Tuna leaves, comfrey and nettles,are some of the products used for hair and skin care products.
8)Gardening
Gardening with herbs is mainly a hobby and also to keep a supply of herbs handy for future use. Herbs are usually easy to maintain and does not take up a lot of space.Growing herbs can be rewarding ,because they can always be put to good use.
9)Fragrance
Herbs are used in the manufacturing of some fragrances. This can be very costly and time consuming,so it might not be worth making on a small scale.Roses and lavender are used for this purpose.
10)Spiritual needs
Some herbs are used by some people to ward off evil spirits,to have good luck,to get a calm atmosphere in their homes,to initiate spells and other omens they desire.Herbs like spirit weed and vervine are examples of herbs used for spiritual purposes.
Whichever way you desire to use herbs, they are necessary and healthy. Without herbs Food would be tasteless and life would just not be the same.
BACK TO LIST OF JAMAICAN HERBS
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Herbal hair treatment and moisturizers(Jamaican herbs)
Top 3 Best Homemade Hair Moisturizer Recipes
Our hair is continuously exposed to damage on a daily basis, whether it be from chemical based products, blow dryers or hair irons, or simply environmental factors such as the wind and sun. Most of these factors are within our control and can be prevented, however should your hair become victim to these factors there are simple solutions available to help improve the overall condition of the hair. Lack of moisture is the most common reason behind the majority of hair issues, and once this moisture is replenished you are well on the way to healthier looking hair.
Homemade Hair Moisturizer #1
Honey Hair ConditionerThis conditioning treatment combines the beneficial properties of honey to add shine, olive oil to lock in hair moisture, and rosemary oil to help stimulate healthy hair growth. It will leave your hair looking vibrant and feeling silky smooth.
1/2 cup of honey
1/4 cup of olive oil (use 2 tablespoons for normal to oily hair)
4 drops of rosemary essential oil
1 teaspoon of Xanthum gum (sold in health stores – or on amazon)Preparation
Thoroughly mix all ingredients together.
Transfer into an airtight plastic bottle.
Application
Apply mixture to damp hair a little at a time.
Gently massage into the scalp and hair until completely coated.
Cover hair with shower cap, cling wrap, or a warm towel.
Leave in for approximately 30 minutes.
Shampoo and rinse with cool water.
Homemade Hair Moisturizer #2
Hot Oil TreatmentThis recipe contains a powerful concoction of natural moisturizers to provide a rich nourishing hair treatment. Apply this treatment once a week to experience luxurious and healthy hair.
1 cup of macadamia nut oil
1 cup of sunflower seed oil
1/4 cup of hemp seed oil
1/8 cup of avocado oil
1/8 cup of jojoba oil
2 tablespoons of vitamin E oil
1/8 cup of cocoa butter
1/8 cup of avocado butter
1/8 cup of mango butterPreparation
Melt all ingredients slowly in a double boiler.
Transfer liquid in a jar.
Application
Before use, heat treatment gently for 10 minutes over a bowl of boiling water until warm to the touch.
Apply mixture generously to hair and scalp.
Leave in for approximately 15-20 minutes.
Rinse thoroughly and shampoo as normal. You may need to shampoo twice.
Homemade Hair Moisturizer #3
Avocado Hair LotionThis treatment is highly recommended for damaged, dry, and chemically or color treated hair. The essential oils provide a floral but minty aroma as well as conditioning qualities for the hair and scalp.
3/4 cup of avocado oil
1/8 cup of safflower oil
1/8 cup of sweet almond oil
8 drops of lavender oil
6 drops of lemongrass oil
6 drops of rosemary oil
4 drops of geranium oilPreparation
Mix together in order avocado, safflower, and sweet almond oil in a microwave-safe bowl.
Heat mixture for 40 seconds.
Add in order lavender, lemongrass, rosemary, and geranium oils.
Swirl mixture to combine ingredients.
Application
Test mixture before application to ensure it is not too hot.
Divide hair into sections and secure with clips.
Apply mixture to the scalp, roots, and tips of hair and gently massage.
Cover with shower cap or cling wrap.
Leave in for approximately 45 minutes.
Rinse and shampoo as normal.
If you want to restore the moisture and shine back into your damaged hair, then these homemade recipes using only natural ingredients are for you. Give them a go and leave a comment below letting us know how they work for you.
Plus, for more hair care and hair treatment recipes, have a read of these articles from the archive.
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Here are a list of herbs and the areas in which they work best in.
ASTRINGENT HERBS:
Bay,bayberry bark, chamomile,comfrey leaf and root,elderberry flowers,frankincense,lemon.mint,myrrh,primrose,pansy,rosemary,sage,rose,violet,wintergreen,witch hazel.
STIMULATING HERBS: Beebalm,elderberryflowers,lavender,mint,nettle,plantain,rosemary,sage .
ANTISEPTIC HERBS:
Bay, chamomile , echinacea, myrrh, sorrel, thyme.
CLEANSING HERBS:
Chamomile,fennel,lady’s mantle,lovage,nettle,parsley,plantain
HERBS FOR ACNE:
Burdock, clover, horsetail, lavender, tansy.
FOR FACIALS: Chamomile-soothes and cleanses,comfrey-heals,elderberry flowers -stimulates and tightens,fennel-cleanses(good base for any facial ),nettles-cleanse and increases circulation,peppermint-stimulates nd tightens,rosemary-increases circulation,yarrow excellent astringent.
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History of Jamaica from 600-present(a look back)
The Tainos
The Tainos were early inhabitants of the northern Caribbean who are thought to have arrived in Jamaica around 600 AD. This Arawak-speaking group originated in South America, migrating first to the southern Caribbean, then northward by canoe as they were displaced by the more aggressive Carib people. Tainos were a peaceful fishing and hunting people who gave Jamaica its original name Hamaika, which means “Land of Wood and Water”.
History of Jamaica 1494-1655
Culombus and Spanish settlementChristopher Columbus arrived in Jamaica on May 6, 1494 in search of gold which he never found. He claimed the island for the King and Queen of Spain. This ushered in a period of Spanish settlement which lasted from 1509 to 1655. The first 30 years of settlement saw the Tainos becoming almost extinct due to disease, slavery and malnutrition.
The Spanish established ranches on the southern plains, and were responsible for the introduction of cattle, pigs, chickens, horses, cats and dogs. They also introduced the important economic crops sugar cane, bananas and citrus.
In 1513 the first African slaves arrived to work as hunters and herders of wild horses, cattle and pigs, and in the small sugar mills which the Spaniards had established.
The island was called Xamayca, and Spanish Town was established as capital.
History of Jamaica 1655-1834
British Capture and SettlementIn May 1655 the British invaded Jamaica, a poorly defended and thinly populated Spanish colony. There followed over 300 years of British rule, which saw the following:
- the Spanish being expelled by 1670 after 5 years of guerilla warfare
- the emergence of the Maroons, escaped slaves who banded together to become a major deterrent in Britain’s quest to control the island
- the establishment of large sugar plantations
- the growth of a huge African slave workforce to satisfy the needs of the sugar plantations
- the establishment of the Church of England as the state church
- the rise of Port Royal as the richest and “wickedest city” and its literal fall into the sea in 1692
- the arrival of Moravian, Baptist and Methodist missionaries seeking to convert the slaves
- the name “Xamayca” anglicised as “Jamaica”
Slavery conditions in Jamaica were among the harshest in the New World. This led to many brutal slave revolts, which were crushed with equal brutality. The British slave trade was abolished in 1807, but slavery continued for another 30 years before being fully abolished on August 1, 1838.
History of Jamaica 1838-1962
Emancipation to IndependenceAfter emancipation, many of the ex-slaves left the plantations and moved into the hills. The sugar estates needed labour, so Chinese and Indians came as indentured labourers to replace ex-slaves.
The ex-slaves barely subsisted on farming. Those who continued to work on the plantations could barely support their families. New banana estates offered jobs, but little social mobility. As a result, many moved to the city where generations have remained without skills, jobs or housing.
Jamaicans also went overseas in search of opportunities. To Panama, for the building of the Panama Canal. To the USA, for farm work and work on military bases. To the UK, to fight in World War II, and to rebuild the country after the war.
After emancipation, ex-slaves remained second class citizens. The planter class continued to direct the country’s affairs, and only the most affluent had a vote. The 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion was a civil rights protest that provoked a brutal response from the authorities. More than 300 people, notably the leader Paul Bogle, were hanged.
In the early 1900s, the teachings of Marcus Garvey became increasingly popular among the poor, black classes. The Rastafarian movement was inspired by Garvey’s teachings, and came to national attention in the 1930s.
The poor were still seeking respect for their rights in 1938 when island-wide riots broke out. The result was the setting up of Jamaica’s modern political party system. All Jamaican adults were able to vote in the 1944 elections, and the country was on a path to independence in 1962.
History of Jamaica 1962 to present
Independence and afterFollowing Independence Day on August 6, 1962 there was a great sense of national pride. Jamaicans were governing themselves, and the growing tourism, bauxite, and coffee industries contributed to a strong economy. The Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) formed the government from independence until 1972.
Here are some developments from the 1970s and onwards:
- The People’s National Party (PNP) came to power in 1972. Under Michael Manley radical social reforms were introduced. There were more educational opportunities for all classes, and there was a heightened sense of national and black consciousness.
- The Rastafarian movement expanded to include intellectuals and middle class youths.
- Bob Marley pushed Jamaica’s music to international prominence.
- There was massive migration to Canada and the USA by the middle class, fearful of the PNP’s socialist leanings and ties to Cuba.
- General election campaigns became violent events. Guns were used by party supporters during the 1976 and the 1980 elections, and have remained as a threat to society since that time.
- General deterioration of the Jamaican economy, burdened by international debt and a huge import bill.
In the 21st century, it is estimated that there are as many Jamaicans living abroad as there are in Jamaica. North American culture and values, accessed mainly through cable and the internet, impact our island relentlessly. Yet we manage to maintain our national identity, and our sports, culture and music ensure that Jamaica is known worldwide.
ABOUT JAMAICA
The wonderful island of Jamaica is located in the Caribbean a region known for its great tropical climate. It is one of the three islands in the Northern Caribbean forming the Greater Antilles. Its noted in our history books that Christopher Columbus discovered Jamaica accidentally, but I’m sure he knew what he was doing when he arrived to this euphoric paradise…READ MORE
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Jamaican herbs feature-Herbs for the Hair and skin
Jamaican Herbs for the hair and skin is a healthy alternative. Too many harmful chemicals like ALPHA HYDROXY ACID ,BRONOPOP, COUMARIN, FORMALDEHYDE, GLYCOLIC ACID, TEA , DISODIUM EDTA and so many more read more… are being used to make our skin and hair products .These harsh chemicals are used for various reasons namely, as preservatives for longer shelf life ,as fillers for profitability, for fragrance and for appearance.
THE SKIN is the body’s largest organ and all product used on it is absorbed through the skin into the blood stream and into the organs.The organs and toxic blood,already
sluggish from chemicals consumed from the food we eat ,is once again bombarded with added chemicals,which are absorbed through the skin.We should at all cost avoid skin care and hair products with harmful chemicals, in order to have better health.Herbal products are safe and very effective on the skin and hair.As a matter of fact they are healthy and good for us.
A warm herbal bath is the beginning of a beautiful skin. Wrap about a handful of your desired Jamaican herb or herbs in a terry cloth or a meshed pouch with approximately 1/2 cup oatmeal(to soften skin). Hang the pouch with herbs inside the warm bath water and let steep for 15-20minutes. Another way to prepare a herbal bath is to steep the herbal tea then pour it in the warn bath water.Add some herbal infused oil to bath water and enjoy for as long as you desire to relax and unwind.Herbal infused oils are easy to make , very soothing and great to moisten the skin.Jojoba oil and Extra virgin olive oil are two excellent oils for the skin, jojoba oil being the closest oil to the one produced by our skin.Moisturize your body with healthy herbal lotionsavailable in the health stores or ones you can make yourself ,at home.Herbs such as,aloe vera, comfrey,fennel,mint,dandelion,blackberry leaves,sage,rose petals,grated ginger,parsley,orange peel ,orange blossoms,marigold and alfalfa are very effective on the skin and products with these herbs are highly recommended for great skin care.You should be able to identify all the ingredients in the products you use on your skin and hair,this is surely one way to keep out harmful chemicals, free radicals and toxins from your organs and blood.The deodorants on the market have such toxic chemicals that are so harmful to the health of people especially women.These chemicals are absorbed into the glands that are next to the breasts and this is causing major health issues.We should really be very careful and read the labels on the deodorants .One harmful ingredient in deodorants is aluminum.Look for ”aluminum free deodorants” .
THE HAIR is one of the first thing that people notice when they look at you.We have to
maintain it with the best products or it will get dull and very unattractive. Best products does not mean( or have to be) expensive products,but what is good for us.Jamaican Herbs like nettles, comfrey, aloe vera, Tuna leaves and many more listed here are great for a lustrous and healthy hair.The use of herbs in the hair will rejuvenate the scalp and hair shaft,which will enhance sheen and healthy growth. Harsh chemicals will basically give the reverse results.Try to make herbal shampoos and hair moisturizer and hair treatment at home for your hair , this will eliminate some of the unknown ingredients that are added in shampoos and you will be happy with the results.
Tuna leaves sliced down the middle is used as a shampoo to wash the hair and leaves the hair very soft . Ripe Avocado crushed and added to a few drops of extra virgin olive oil , left on the hair as a conditioner for approximately 10-15 minutes will leave the hair very healthy and with a nice sheen.
The options are very limited with healthy skin and hair care products . However if we go back to the basics ,by using the ingredients that we know and can recognize ,we should be on the right path. Regardless of how we want to look,if we care about our health then our best option is using Jamaican herbs for the hair and skin.
OTHER RELATED ARTICLES:
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO MAKE YOUR OWN DEODORANT AT HOME
DANGER OF CHEMICALS IN PRODUCTS
JAMAICAN HERB FORMULA FOR HAIR AND SKIN
HERBAL HAIR TREATMENT AND MOISTURIZER FORMULA
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Jamaican herbs feature-Herbal formula for the skin and hair
There are various herbs that are good for hair,facials,body care and herbal baths. You can choose the herbs that you think are best for your hair or skin. If a recipe has one particular herb and you would like to substitute another herb or add another herb,go right ahead ! that is the natural advantage of using herbs.
Here are a list of herbs and the areas in which they work best in.
ASTRINGENT HERBS:
Bay,bayberry bark, chamomile,comfrey leaf and root,elderberry flowers,frankincense,lemon.mint,myrrh,primrose,pansy,rosemary,sage,rose,violet,wintergreen,witch hazel.
STIMULATING HERBS: Beebalm,elderberryflowers,lavender,mint,nettle,plantain,rosemary,sage .
ANTISEPTIC HERBS:
Bay, chamomile , echinacea, myrrh, sorrel, thyme.
CLEANSING HERBS:
Chamomile,fennel,lady’s mantle,lovage,nettle,parsley,plantain
HERBS FOR ACNE:
Burdock, clover, horsetail, lavender, tansy.
FOR FACIALS: Chamomile-soothes and cleanses,comfrey-heals,elderberry flowers -stimulates and tightens,fennel-cleanses(good base for any facial ),nettles-cleanse and increases circulation,peppermint-stimulates nd tightens,rosemary-increases circulation,yarrow excellent astringent.
HOW TO STEEP HERBAL TEA
Things You’ll Need
- Medium pot
- Herb
- Cup
- Strainer
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- 1
Bring 3 cups of water to boil in a medium-sized pot. Reduce heat to low and wait until the water stops boiling.
- 2
Add 1 table spoon of dried herbs to the water, cover and let simmer for 20 to 30 minutes.
- 3
Stir occasionally. Do not let the water boil, as that may destroy some of the potent compounds in the herbs.
- 4
Strain the herbs out of the hot water. Drink one to three cups of tea a day.
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Continue drinking herb tea on a daily basis. Discontinue use or reduce dosage if adverse effects develop.
HERBAL INFUSED OIL
SWEET ALMOND OIL,SUNFLOWER OIL ,EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL ARE OR ANY OTHER PURE VEGETABLE OIL ALL GREAT FOR THIS PURPOSE.
All you will need is the oil,a clean dry glass container and the herbs of your choice(comfrey,camomile,sage,mint,burdock,fennel to name a few)
METHOD:
Place the herb of choice in the jar(only half the container) pour the oil into the container and fill to the top.Stir with a wooden spoon to make sure herb is covered.Cover container,label and date it. Shake container with herb and oil daily for duration of infusion process.This takes between 3-6 weeks,depends on how concentrated you desire the infused oil to be.
EASY HERBAL SHAMPOO
1 Cup infused herbal tea(rosemary,burdock root,nettles all or any)
1 tbsp. jojoba oil
1 tbsp. vegetable glycerine or castor oil.
1 tbsp. wheat germ oil or coconut oil.
1 cup castile soap(liquid)
combine all in a bowl and mix well. Pour in bottle and label.
(Castile soap is 100% vegetable base soap, made from olive oil. It is a simple soap without a blend of complex ingredients. Hence the reason you can find it at your local healthfood store. In liquid form, they add only potassium hydroxide to seponify the vegetable oils.)NATURAL ALOE VERA SHAMPOO
( ESPECIALLY FOR DREADLOCKS HAIRSTYLES)
1 Aloe vera leaf (peel and discard skin)1 tbsp jojoba oil1/2 cup water1 tbsp. avocado oil (optional)Blend all ingredients in a blender and use .(refrigerate any left over)HERBAL BODY LOTION(Part 1) (Part 2)24 oz. steeped herbal tea 1/3 oz. Rosemary extract4. oz. jojoba oil 1/3 oz. Lavender essential oil1 oz. vegetable glycerine1.2 oz. emulsifying wax1.2 oz. stearic acidcombine all of part 1 ingredients into a double boiler and mix while allowing to melt.Once everything is melted use a hand held blender and mix for a few seconds. Add part 2 ingredients and mix again.Pour in container,label and allow to cool. You may substitute the Lavender essential oil for any other flavour you prefer.
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other related articles
JAMAICAN HERBS FOR THE HAIR AND SKIN
HAIR TREATMENT AND CONDITIONER
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Jamaican herbs feature-Dangerous ingredients in cosmetics and foods
http://www.purezing.com/SOURCE :
List of the More Widely Known Dangerous Ingredients in Body & Food ProductsThis list only contains the more widely known chemicals and additives in body and food products. There are thousands more in use. Many of the chemicals listed below are suspected or known carcinogens, toxins, hormone disruptors, poisons and contaminates.Acesulfame K
Sugar substitute found in pudding, chewing gum, non-dairy creamers, instant coffee mixes, tea mixes and gelatin desserts. May increase cancer in humans.Acetone
Also known as Dimethylketone, 2-Propanone, Beta-Ketopropane. Inhalation of moderate to high amounts, even for a short time results in entry of acetone into bloodstream where it is carried to all other organs. Nose, throat, lung and eye irritant, headaches, confusion, increased pulse rate, effects on blood, nausea, vomiting and unconsciousness, coma. Shortens the menstrual cycle in women. Effects of long-term exposure include kidney, liver and nerve damage, increased birth defects, metabolic changes and coma. Found in nail polish remover.Acetaldehyde
Found in many nail care products. Known to cause cancers in humans and experimental animals.Acrylamide/polyacrylamide
Acrylamide, produced naturally in some foods when cooked at high temps. Manufactured for use in polyacrylamide gels, sometimes used as a treatment for drinking water and/ or wastewater. Acrylamide causes cancer in animals and in large doses, nerve damage in humans. Smoking is a major acrylamide producer as is frying, deep frying or extended micro-waving.Alcohol
Implicated in oral cancer. Found in mouthwash, astringent, toothpaste, cleansers.Alkyl-phenol Ethoxylades
May reduce sperm count. Found in shampoo and bubble bath.Alpha Hydroxy Acid
Destroys skin cells and leaves skin more susceptible to damage from the environment and skin cancer. Actually ends up aging skin. Found in anti-aging facial creams and lotions.Aluminum
Heavy concentrations may be linked to Alzheimer’s dementia. Aluminum is in many antiperspirants and prevalent in water supplies. Processed foods contain dietary aluminum.
Sodium aluminum phosphate appears in pickles, cheese and baking soda.Ammonium Glycolate
A photosensitizer with potential to increase risk of sunburn and skin cancer by intensifying UV exposures in deep skin layers. This sensitizer can instigate immune system response that includes itching, burning, scaling, hives, and blistering of skin. It is also a penetration enhancer which alters the skins’ structure, allowing other chemicals to penetrate deeper into the skin, thus increasing the amounts of other chemicals that reach the bloodstream. Found in body products.Ammonium Persulfate
Found in hair color and bleaching kit sensitizer – can instigate immune system response that can include itching, burning, scaling, hives, and blistering of skin, lung sensitizer – can instigate immune system response that can include asthma attacks or other problems with the lungs and airways.Immune system toxin, respiratory toxicant, skin or sense organ toxicant, classified as toxic in one or more government assessments.
Aspartame
Genetically Modified, synthetic sugar substitute. People report dizziness, headaches and even seizures. Scientists believe it can alter behavior due to altered brain function. Long term effects of this genetically modified organism on human health has not been studied or tested. Found as a sweetener in foods and some body products, such as shaving gel. See our Genetically Modified / GMO Foods section for more information.Benzalkonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride and lauryl dimonium hydrolysed collagenFound in hair treatment products. Both are toxic and allergenic.
Benzene
Inhalation of high levels can cause headaches, rapid heart rate, tremors, confusion, unconsciousness and death. Hodgkin’s and Lymphomas result from inhalation. Used in detergents, drugs, pesticides and adhesives.Benzoic Acid
Inhalation affects nervous system and is moderately toxic by ingestion. Severe eye and skin irritant. Used as a food preservative and in pharmaceuticals and cosmeticsBenzoic / Benzyl / Benzene
Contains carcinogens, endocrine disruptor, may cause birth defects. Found in shower gels, shampoos, bubble bath.Benzoyl Peroxide
In acne treatments, bar soap, facial cleansers and food additives! Highly toxic/ irritant.Bisphenol A or BPA
Toxic plastic chemical used as a can lining in brands of some infant formulas. Also found in water bottles, this chemical is used to produce polycarbonate and epoxy plastics. For babies, check food container labels and beware of polycarbonate plastic baby bottles. Chemical reactions can occur when plastic is heated.BHA – BHT
Banned in other countries, these two preservatives are considered carcinogenic but remain in U.S. manufactured foods that contain oil as they retard rancidity. Found in foods and body products.Bronopol
May break down into formaldehyde, may form carcinogenic nitrosamines. Found in body products.Butylparaben
Potential breast cancer risk and endocrine disruptor raising concern for impaired fertility or development, increased risk for certain cancers, itching burning and blistering of skin. Found in body products.Carboxymethylcellulose
Causes cancer in animals. Used in cosmetics, inhalation could cause chemical pneumonitis.Coal Tar Dyes – (includes D&C Blue 1, Green 3, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Red 33, etc.)
Even though their carcinogenicity has recently been proven, the 1938 Act includes a specific exemption for them. Severe allergic reactions, asthma attacks, headaches, nausea, fatigue, lack of concentration, nervousness, increased risk of Hodgkin’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Found in bubble bath, hair dye, dandruff shampoo, toothpaste and foods. For more information, see the Dyes Commonly Used in Food and Body Product Section.Cocamidopropyl Betaine
May contain harmful impurities or form toxic breakdown products, itching, burning and blistering of skin. Synthesized from coconuts, this chemical is found in body products and may be labeled natural or organic.Coumarin
Formerly the active ingredient in rat poison. A carcinogenic ingredient used in the manufacturing of deodorants, shampoos, skin fresheners and perfumes.D&C Yellow 11
Found in: Lip gloss, polish remover, nail polish, bath oil/salts/soak, body spray, mositurizer, lipstick, styling gel/lotion, bar soap, after sun products, cologne, nail treatment. Color safe for external use only, found in ingested products, Color not approved for use around eyes, in eye productsDEA: Diethanolamine
A chemical used as a wetting or thickening agent in shampoos, soaps, hairsprays and sunscreens, blocks absorption of the nutrient choline, which is essential to brain development in a fetus.Diacetyl
An additive that tastes like butter causes a serious lung condition called bronchiolitis obliterans, or “popcorn workers’ lung. Found in foods, especially microwave popcorn.Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)
A chemical used to keep nail polish from chipping, has been connected to cancer in lab animals as well as long-term fertility issues in newborn boys. Banned in Europe, but still in use in the U.S. Found in nail polish.Dimethicone
A silicone emollient, which coats the skin not allowing toxins out. May promote tumors and accumulate in the liver and lymph nodes. Found in lotions and creams.Dioforms
Damage and weaken tooth enamel allowing more staining and discoloration to take place. Found in tooth whitening products.Disodium EDTA
Harmful if swallowed or inhaled, causes irritation to skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Found in cosmetics.Diazolidinyl Urea
Found in facial cleansers, shampoos and conditioners. Linked to neurotoxicity and immunotoxicityDMDM Hydantoin
Contains formaldehyde , an ingredient linked to cancer, developmental and reproductive toxicity. Allergenic, can be an irritant to eyes skin and lungs. Common in manicure/pedicure products and hair treatment packages.Ethylacrylate
Found in some mascaras’s suspected as a cause of cancer in humans, based on studies of human populations or laboratory animals.Elastin
Suffocates skin by not allowing moisture in or out. Found in facial creams and body lotions.Fluoride
May contain lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic. Accumulates in body and contributes to bone disease. Carcinogenic. Found in toothpastes.Formaldehyde
Suspected carcinogen and neurotoxin, it may be fatal if swallowed, absorbed through skin, inhaled or swallowed. Can cause spasms, edema, chemical pneumonitis and is extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membrane, this chemical is found in many nail care products. Known to cause cancers in humans and experimental animals. Found in baby shampoo, bubble bath, deodorants, perfume, cologne, hair dye, mouthwash, toothpaste, hair spray, nail polish.Fragrances (Synthetic)
Some perfumes / fragrances contain hundreds of chemicals. Some, such as methylene chloride are carcinogenic. Some cause brain damage or are neurotoxins. Avoid unless you can be sure they are not carcinogenic.Glycolic Acid
Penetration enhancer which alters skin structure, allowing other chemicals to penetrate deeper into the skin, increasing the amounts of other chemicals that reach the bloodstream, skin or sense organs. As a sensitizer it can instigate immune system response that can include itching, burning, scaling, hives, and blistering of skin. Toxicant, neurotoxin, kidney toxicant, gastrointestinal or liver toxicant. Found in creams, lotions, cosmetics.GMO/Genetically Modified Organism
Plants, animals or foods that have been genetically modified, genetically engineered or BT/Biotechnology modified. Genetic engineering enables scientists to create plants, animals and micro-organisms by manipulating genes in a way that does not occur naturally. Minimal testing shows that animals fed GMO feed, refuse to eat it. When force-fed the feed (corn, soy, tomatoes etc.) the animals developed stomach lesions and malformations of organs. GMO food is not labeled as such in the U.S. Almost all other countries have banned the use of GMO in food and body products due to insufficient testing. See GMO section for more information.Hydroabietyl Alcohol
Found in styling gel/lotions. Unsafe for use in cosmetics according to the fragrance industry’s International Fragrance Association.High Fructose Corn Syrup/HFCS
High fructose consumption has been fingered as a causative factor in heart disease. It raises blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. It makes blood cells more prone to clotting, and it may also accelerate the aging process. See Sugars, Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Index section for more information.Hydrogenated/Partially Hydrogenated Oils
Hydrogenated oils contain high levels of trans fats. A trans fat is an otherwise normal fatty acid that has been radically changed by high heat. Trans fats are poison: just like arsenic. Partially hydrogenated oils will not only kill you in the long term by producing diseases like multiple sclerosis and allergies that lead to arthritis, but in the meantime they will make you fat! See Hydrogenated and Partially Hydrogenated Oils section for more informationHydroquinone
A severely toxic and very powerful chemical. Banned in the United Kingdom, but still used in the U.S. Found in skin lightening products and hair dyes, this chemical alters the skins natural structure inhibiting the production of Melanin. Without natural protection, the skin is more susceptible to skin cancer. Prolonged use of Hydroquinone will thicken collagen fibers damaging the connective tissues. The result is rough blotchy skin leaving it with a spotty caviar appearance.Hydroxymethylcellulose
Used in cosmetics. Inhalation could cause chemical pneumonitis.Imidazolidinyl Urea
This allergenic chemical finds its way into deodorants, shampoos, hand cream and some mascaras.Isobutylparaben
Potential breast cancer risk. Itching, burning and blistering of skin. Found in body products.Isoproponal/Isopropyl Alcohol
Moderately toxic chemical causing flushing, pulse rate decrease, blood pressure lowering, anesthesia, narcosis, headache, dizziness, mental depression, drowsiness, hallucinations, distorted perceptions, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting and coma. Used to clean/disinfect skin, lower temperatures. Found in some body products.Kajoic Acid
A chemical that inhibits melanin production. Used in skin lightening products, it damages the skin and makes it more susceptible to cancer.Lacquer
Can cause eyelashes to fall out. Found in mascara.Lanolin
While lanolin itself is skin beneficial, it may contain carcinogenic pesticides such as DDT, lindane, dieldrin and other neurotoxins. Can cause rashes. Found in body products.Lye
Can dry and damage skin. Found in bars of soap.Magnesium Stearate / Stearic Acid
May contain phosphatidyl choline which collapses cell membranes and selectively kills T-Cells which breaks down the immune system. An execeptant that is used to bind medicinal tablets and make them smooth it is also used in pharmaceuticals, foods, talcum powder, ammunition, and as a drying agent in paints.MEA: Cocamide DEA, Lauramide DEA, Linoleamide DEA, Oleamide DEA
NDEA (N-nitrosodiethanolamine) forms when DEA reacts with nitrosating agents or the actual addition of nitrite as a preservative. As there is no way to determine if NDEA has been formed, it is imperative to avoid all products containing DEA as it is a known carcinogen. Often used in cosmetics to adjust the pH, and used with many fatty acids to convert acid to salt (stearate), which then becomes the base for a cleanser.Methylisothiazoline, or MIT
Causes neurological damage. Found in shampoo.Methyl Methacrylate
May cause fingers and nails to inflame. Found in nail polish.Methylparaben
Potential breast cancer risk and endocrine disruptor raising concern for impaired fertility or development of fetus, and increased risk for certain cancers, itching, burning and blistering of skin. A close cousin of benzoic acid: poisonous and moderately toxic it is found in body products.Mineral Oil
A derivative of petroleum, this additive clogs pores, locks in toxins, suffocates and dries skin and inhibits your skins natural oil production further increasing dehydration. Causes testicular tumors in the fetus, deposits accumulate in the lymph nodes and prevent absorption of vitamin A from the intestines. Found in blush, baby oil, lotions, foundation and creams.Monosodium Glutamate/MSG
MSG is an excitotoxin, which causes nerve damage and allergic reactions. Found in hundreds of foods, often under other names. See our Monosodium Glutamate / MSG section for more informationMTBE
Gasoline additive. Known as a “likely” human carcinogenic.Neotame
Neotame is a reformulated aspartame that will require smaller amounts than aspartame to achieve the same sweetness. Neotame, like aspartame, contains aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and a methyl esther. Animal studies reveal aspartic acid and glutamic acid load on the same receptors in the brain, cause identical brain lesions and neuroendocrine disorders, and act in an additive fashion. People who are sensitive to processed free glutamic acid (MSG) experience similar reactions to aspartame, and people who are sensitive to aspartame experience similar reactions to MSG. People who currently react to MSG and/or aspartame should expect to react similarly to Neotame. Found in soft drinks, pharmaceuticals, processed foods of all kinds.Nitrate – Nitrite
While nitrate itself is harmless; it is readily converted to nitrite. When nitrite combines with compounds called secondary amines, it forms nitrosamines: extremely powerful cancer-causing chemicals. The chemical reaction occurs most readily at the high temperatures of frying. Nitrite has long been suspected as being a cause of stomach cancer. (See Sodium Nitrite)Nitrosamines
Extremely powerful, cancer-causing chemicals formed at high temperatures when the preservative nitrite combines with compounds called secondary amines.Olestra
While fat-free, this additive has a fatal side effect: it attaches to valuable nutrients and flushes them out of the body. Some of these nutrients, called carotenoids, appear to protect us from such diseases as lung cancer, prostate cancer, heart disease, and macular degeneration. Olestra replaces fats in ‘fat-free’ foods.Padimate-O (PABA)
Nitrosamines, potent carcinogens, may form in products that contain Padimate-O. There is no way of knowing if they have formed. Found in cosmetics and sunscreens.Paraffin
Possible carcinogen. Found in cosmetics and food.PBDE
Toxic flame retardant, used in baby bedding to slow advance of fire. Residue found in breast milk.Perchlorate
It is rocket science! Perchlorate is a by- product of rocket fuel, discovered in over 90% of the U.S. lettuce and milk supply. It interferes with thyroid function can cause thyroid cancer and or hypothyroidism.PEG Stearates
Potentially contaminated with or breaking down into chemicals linked to cancer or other significant health problems. Found in cosmetics, creams and foods.PEG (Polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene, oxynol: any ethoxylated compound, including SLES)
May contain ¼-dioxane which is a possible carcinogen, estrogen mimic and endocrine disruptor. Can only be removed from a product through vacuum stripping during processing. Avoid all ethyoxylated products as a precaution. Found in foods and body products.PEG-12 Distearate
May contain harmful impurities or form toxic breakdown products linked to cancer or other significant health problems. Found in creams, lotions, cosmetics and foods.PEG-80 Sorbitan Laurate
May contain harmful impurities or form toxic breakdown products linked to cancer or other significant health problems, gastrointestinal or liver toxicity hazards. Found in cosmetics, creams, lotions and foods.PEG-14M
May contain harmful impurities or form toxic breakdown products linked to cancer or other significant health problems. Found in foods, lotions, creams and cosmetics.Petroleum (Petrolatum)
Suffocates skin and traps toxins in body, clogs pores. Found in lotions, skin creams, and body jelly.PFOA or C8
Used when processing polytetrafluroroethylene (PTFE) or Teflon. This toxic chemical remains in animals and humans for indefinite periods.PFOS
Perflurooctanotane sulfonate. A fluorocarbon used in producing repellents and surfactant products, like stain resistant fabric.Phenoxyethanol
Possible connection to reproductive or developmental harm to fetus, potential for reduced fertility, classified as toxic and an irritant, potential risks to wildlife and environment through excretion of body product toxins and disposal of cosmetics.Phthalates
Accumulates in the body; proven damage to liver, lungs, kidneys and reproductive systems. Appears in vinyl flooring, plastic wallpaper, perfume, hair spray, deodorant, nail polish, hair gel, mousse, body and hand lotion. Look for it in children’s toys, as; DEHP, BBP and DBP.Polyethylene Glycol /PEG
Moderately toxic, eye irritant and possible carcinogen. Many glycols produce severe acidosis, central nervous system damage and congestion. Can cause convulsions, mutations, and surface EEG changes. Found in cosmetics, body products, foods, lotions.Polypropylene
Possible carcinogen. Found in lipstick, mascara, baby soap, eye shadow.Polyscorbate-60
Used in cosmetics. Inhalation could cause chemical pneumonitis .Polyquaternium-7
May contain harmful impurities or form toxic breakdown products linked to cancer or other significant health problems. Found in body products.Potassium Bromate
An additive that increases the volume and crumb of bread, is banned worldwide except in the U.S. and Japan. Considered carcinogenic.p-Phenylenediamine (PPD)
Very toxic substance, used in hair dyeing, shampoo’s and hair spray. Highly carcinogenic, developmental and reproductive toxicity, it is allergenic and can cause skin irritation issues.Propylene Glycol
Kidney damage, liver abnormalities, inhibits skin cell growth, damages cell membranes causing rashes, surface damage and dry skin.Absorbed into blood stream and travels to all organs. Many glycols produce severe acidosis, central nervous system damage and congestion. Can cause convulsions, mutations, and surface EEG changes. It is derived from petroleum products. The Material Safety Data Sheets on propylene glycol warns against contact with eyes, skin and clothing. It also says inhalation can cause irritation of nasal passages, ingestion can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Research also shows that it alters cell membranes and causes cardiac arrest. Found in shaving gel, lotions, shampoo, conditioners, foods, deodorant.
Propylparaben
Potential breast cancer risk and endocrine disruptor raising concern for impaired fertility or development, and increased risk for certain cancers, itching burning and blistering of skin, gastrointestinal or liver toxicity hazard. A close cousin of benzoic acid: poisonous and moderately toxic. Found in body products.PVC/ polyvinyl chloride
When produced or burned, this common plastic releases dioxins, may cause cancer, affect immune and reproductive systems.Quaternium-7, 15, 31, 60 etc.
Toxic, causes skin rashes and allergic reactions. Formaldehyde releasers. Substantive evidence of casual relation to leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and other cancers. Found in body products.Sodium Chloride
Table salt (processed at high heat). Eye irritation, some hair loss, and dry and itchy skin. Found in shampoo as a thickener.Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate
Potentially contaminated with or breaking down into chemicals linked to cancer or other significant health problems. Found in facial moisturizer, facial cleanser, facial treatments, skin fading and lightening products, anti-aging products, eye makeup remover, concealer, makeup remover, around eye cream, acne treatment, shampoo, conditioner, styling lotion and gel, styling mousse and foam, hair spray, hair relaxer, tanning oil and sunscreen, after tanning products, body cleanser and wash, body exfoliants, body firming lotion, baby soap, baby lotion, baby wipes, baby bubble bath, pain and wound products, hand sanitizer.Sodium Nitrite
Makes meat look red rather than gray, and gives meat an overly long shelf life of months. Clinically proven to cause leukemia, brain tumors and other forms of cancer.Soy
Contains several naturally occurring compounds that are toxic to humans and animals. Soy foods block calcium and can cause vitamin D deficiencies. One health agency estimates than 100 grams of soy protein provides the estrogenic equivalent of the pill. Processing and all modern soy foods contain MSG, which cause neurological problems. Soy products inhibit thyroid function, which may lead to fatigue and mental issues. Infants on soy formula are vulnerable to developing autoimmune thyroid disease when exposed to high amounts of isoflavones over time. These Isoflavones have been found to have serious health effects, including infertility, thyroid disease or liver disease, on a number of mammals. Long term feeding with soy formulas inhibits thyroid peroxidase to such an extent that long term elevated thyroid stimulating hormone levels can also raise the risk of thyroid cancer. It is said that two glasses of soy milk a day over the course of a month contains enough of the chemical to change the timing of a woman’s menstrual cycle. Only eat soy if it has been fermented: such as soy, misu and tamari and if it is labeled as organic or non-GMO. See our Genetically Modified Foods section for more informationSLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulphate)
Builds up in heart, lungs, brain and liver from skin contact and may cause damage to these organs. Corrodes hair follicles and may cause hair to fall out. Damages immune system. Contain endocrine disruptors and estrogen mimics. Impairs proper structural formation of young eyes. May contain carcinogenic nitrosamines. This is a detergent derived from coconut oil and may be labeled natural or even organic. Found in toothpaste, soap, shampoo, body wash, bubble bath, facial cleansers.SLES (Sodium Laureth Sulfate)
Ether mixtures may contain carcinogenic nitrosamines. Avoid ethoxylated compounds as a precaution. May form 1.4 dioxane, a potential carcinogen, endocrine disruptor and estrogen mimic. Allows other chemicals to penetrate skin more deeply and enter bloodstream. May cause hair loss when applied to scalp. Found in shampoo, toothpaste, bubble bath, body wash, soap.Stearalkonium Chloride
Toxic and causes allergic reactions. Used in hair conditioners.Sulfites
Can cause reactions in asthmatics, and lead to death. Sulphites are now banned on all foods except raw potatoes, wine and dried fruit.Talc
Carcinogenic when inhaled, may result in fallopian tube fibrosis. Found in blush, condoms, baby powder, feminine powders, foot and body powders.Thimerol
At one time in most vaccines for children. Still believed to be in many vaccines. This form of organic mercury, functions as a preservative. It is highly toxic as it metabolizes into methylmercury.TEA: Tea, Triethanolamine
TEA causes allergic reactions including eye problems, dryness of hair and skin, and could be toxic if absorbed into the body over a long period of time. These chemicals are already restricted in Europe due to known carcinogenic effects (although still in use in the U.S.)Repeated skin applications of DEA-based detergents resulted in a major increase in the incidence of liver and kidney cancer. Found in shampoos, skin cream, bubble bath, shaving gel, conditioner, lotions.
Toluene
Poison to humans. Hallucinations, bone marrow changes, may cause liver and kidney damage and birth defects, endocrine disruptor and potential carcinogen linked to brain cancer. Irritates respiratory tract. Found in nail polish and cleaning products.Triclosan
Found in a lot of antimicrobial soaps and toothpaste products, it can react with chlorine in the tap water to create Chloroform. This is a toxic chemical that can give you cancer. If you breathe enough chloroform, you will die. When you wash your hands with antibacterial soap that contains Triclosan, you are getting the fumes emitted from this chemical reaction.Vinyl chloride
Used to create PVC (polyvinyl chloride) a known carcinogen. Often found in toys. Children chewing on toys can release toxins into their bodies. * see PVCZinc Stearate
Carcinogen. Found in blush and powder foundationFollow @crazyjamaica
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Why do Jamaicans excel ?Food for thought on the eve of celebrating Jamaica’s 50th year of independence
Jamaica is a tiny Island in the Caribbean, with less than three million (3,000,000)people occupying the breathtaking paradise of approximately 4243 sq. miles. Jamaica has had some amazing achievements , topping the world in numerous events and sectors.
MUSIC
Reggae Music became high on the world’s charts after it was taken abroad by ‘Legends’ Bob Marley, Jimmy Cliff and others others who were brave enough to introduce the world to something new ,but confident enough to know that they believed in reggae music, so that was good enough.This bold act ,opened the doors for many other reggae artists for whom the world keeps craving for more .Reggae is vibrant,provocative and addictive music ,that has swept waves worldwide.
BEAUTIES
Jamaican beauties have been outstanding throughout the years.To date Jamaica has produces three Ms. World winners and runners up.This country stands at third place in the world for the amount of beauties to have won the Ms. World title .Jamaica’s first Ms.World winner was Carole Crawford in 1963,Cindy Breakspear in 1976 and Lisa Hanna in 1979.Debbie Campbell was second runner up in 1979 and Sandra Cunningham second runner up 1981 .
EDUCATION
Jody-Ann Maxwell topped the world in the spelling Bee championship in 1998.
JOB POSITION
Colin Powell , Jamaican born.Served in one of the highest position in the U.S.A. as Secretary of State from 2001 -2004
BOXERS
World renown boxer Trevor Berbick, became the world champion in the heavy weight division in the year 1986. Mike McCallum another Jamaican became the word champion for the middle weight division in 1984.
TRACK TEAM
The track team has done Jamaica more than proud and has had Jamaicans beaming with pride many times.This trend started some 60 years ago with Arthur Wint and Herb McKenley in the men’s 4×400 m relay.These men showed Jamaicans that they can win at any cost. Athletes like Merline Ottey,Donald Quarrie,Grace Jackson,Veronica Campbell,Shelly-Ann Fraser,Kerron Stewart and many others have brought home gold medals and set Jamaica high on the scale as ”the country to beat”.
Asafa Powell gave Jamaica an outstanding performance and brought home the gold as well a the word record in 2005. He held the world’s record in the 100 m of 9.77 seconds then 9.74 seconds between June 2005 -May 2008.
Usain Bolt in 2008 acquired the world record of 9.72 seconds in the 100 m race .He went on to top his own record in the olympics at 9.59 and has the record of being the first man to set the world record in three events (100 m,200 m and 4x100relay)at a single olympics.Usain is currently the world record holder for both the 100m and the 200m races.
Jamaica a small country,has produced many outstanding achievers.Many can argue and say it is share luck,but good luck rarely strikes twice.There has to be something different about Jamaicans and the way they are brought up.
COMPETITIVENESS
It is eminent that Jamaicans are highly competitive. A closer look into their everyday lives will reveal that from very early competition is introduced.Many Jamaicans begin school at the tender age of two and school in every grade there is competition.At the end of every semester and year a test or exam is given to see what place the student falls in the class,whether it is first,second,third or down the line.An award is usually given to the higher achievers. To attend high school ,students compete for a place to get into the particular school they desire.There are also annual competitions like sports day,song and speech festival competition,spelling bee ,school’s challenge quiz,football competition among schools,track and field between schools and the list goes on.
DETERMINATION
Jamaicans have what you could call a built in determination to win, to be first and to achieve. Regardless of the many hardship that Jamaicans face, there is always a way to conquer their obstacle.
FUN LOVING
Jamaicans celebrate every chance they get. They make a party out of everything . There are parties for weddings,for funerals ,for someone migrating,for coming home,for graduating,for just being bored. Parties are never out of food ,drinks,dancing and laughter.Jamicans work hard and they play hard.
Looking through the achievements and the lifestyle of Jamaicans it is really no definite answer to the question ”why do Jamaicans excel” ? It could be any one of the three above,it could also be a combination of all three.One thing for sure is that many Jamaicans do excel and that they do have the three characteristics at some point in their lives.
Follow @crazyjamaica
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outstanding people and achievements- ON THE EVE OF JAMAICA’S 50th Independence ANNIVERSARY
OUR PEOPLEThe People of Jamaica is another great distinction from most other countries in the world,which leads to the question ‘‘why do Jamaicans excel‘‘? Our Motto “Out of Many, One People” was the perfect description for us. It is estimated that nearly 750,000 enslaved persons were brought to Jamaica between 1655 and 1807 (about 200,000 were then sent to the Spanish isles). In addition, many immigrants arrived from elsewhere around the globe. After the abolition of slavery in 1834, workers were brought in from other countries as Jamaica looked for sources of income besides sugar. Workers from Germany, Ireland and Scotland came in to settle . Asian immigrants came from India and China and eventually workers came from what is now Lebanon. Decades of cultural diffusion and working together to one common goal of the betterment of our country has brought forth the beautiful people that inhabit the island of Jamaica today. you can just tell by the beautiful women that we have entered in our Miss World Pageant Contests. Cindy Breakspeare one of our first representative, (Mother of Reggae superstar Damion Marley) who was then affiliated with Spartan and who was the winner of the national Miss Jamaica Body-Beautiful title as well as the international Miss Universe Bikini title then went on to be Miss World 1976. We have been winning awards and placing as top runners in the beauty pageants ever since induction.OUR JAMAICAN BEAUTIES have topped the world many times giving us the honor of third- for countries winning the most, in the Ms. world competition.
OUTSTANDING JAMAICANS O-Z
LIST OF MORE OUTSTANDING JAMAICANS
Religion is an important part of Jamaican’s life. The Church of Jamaica, formerly the Church of England, has the largest following. Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, Roman Catholics, Seventh Day Adventists, Christian Scientists and other groups also have significant memberships. As you wind through communities in the Jamaican countryside, you’ll notice the many churches. (Jamaica has more churches per capita than any other country.)
SPORTS
Ask any Jamaican about OUR ATHLETES and you would have struck up a lengthy conversation.Our athletes are our pride and joy.The whole country is with them wherever and whenever they perform,and boy, dont they know it !!
EVENTS LEADING UP TO JAMAICA’S 50TH INDEPENDENCE CELEBRATION-6 th,AUG 2012.
We will keep you posted on the events planned to usher us into Jamaica’s 50th Independence celebration, August 2012.Many Jamaicans and friends of Jamaica will be in Jamaica for this huge celebration. Jamaicans enjoy having a great time and this is going to be BIG !!! Things are heating up and plans are already on the way. Do not be left out KEEP INFORMED HERE ….
OTHER RELATED ARTICLE:
IS THERE PREJUDICE AGAINST DARK SKIN JAMAICAN WOMEN ?
HOW TO KEEP A GREAT MARRIAGE TO A JAMAICAN MAN
Follow @crazyjamaica
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Ms. Jamaica
Brittany Lyons
2008Yendi Phillips
2007Sara Lawrence
2006Terri-Karelle Griffith
2005Tonoya Toyloy
2004Jade Fulford
2003Danielle O’ Hayon
2002Regina Beavers
2001Ayesha Richards
2000Desiree Depass
1999Christine Straw
1998Michelle Moodie
1997Selena Delgado
1996Imani Duncan
1995Johanna Ulett
1994Lisa Hanna
1993Julie Bradford
1992Sandra Foster
1991Erica Aquart
1990Natasha Marcanik
1989Andrea Haynes
1988Janice Wittingham
1987Lisa Mahfood
1986Allison Barnett
1985Jacqueline Crichton
1984Cathy Levy
1983Cornelia Parchment
1982Sandra Cunningham
1981Michelle Harris
1980Debbie Campbell
1979Joan Mcdonald
1978Sandra Kong
1977Cindy Breakspeare
1976from Missjamaicaworld.com
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ATHLETICS IN JAMAICA-on the eve of celebrating Jamaica’s 50th year of independence
This article is about the athletics in Jamaica from the 1930s to present.
In 75 years, Jamaica has won 38 Commonwealth Golds, 12 World Championship Golds and 13 Olympic gold medals in athletics alone. Jamaica has a population of 2.6 million people the 137th biggest country in the world by population. Their current Gross domestic Product (GDP) nominally is $11.2 billion which ranks 108th in the world.
Chronology
1930s
In 1930, Jamaica entered its first-ever athletics team into an international competition. It was the 1930 Central American and Caribbean Games. Joseph Mackenzie won a silver medal in the high jump with a jump of 1.75 m. In 1934 Jamaica entered their first ever team into the British Empire Games (now known as the Commonwealth Games) the team won a silver in swimming and Bernard Leopold Prendergast won a bronze in the discus throw with a throw of 40.23 m. This was their first major athletics medal.
1940s
The Beginning of a Sprinting Tradition: Arthur Wint winning the 400 m ahead of team-mate Herb McKenley at the 1948 London Olympics.
The first part of the forties was interrupted by the Second World War. 3 years after the war in 1948, Jamaica made their first ever Olympic appearance at the London Olympics and surprised the world by winning 1 gold and two silvers. These medals were won byArthur Wint and Herbert Mckenley and started a great sprinting tradition. These two men are regarded as the pioneers of Jamaican athletics. In the 400 m final McKenley ran out of steam in the last 100 m and Wint passed him to become Jamaica’s first Olympic Gold Medallist. Wint narrowly missed out on a Gold in the 800 m but still went home a hero.
1950s
In the 1952 Helsinki Olympics, Jamaican heroes Arthur Wint and Herb Mckenley were back along withGeorge Rhoden and Leslie Laing. Together these four made up the gold medal winning 4×400 m relay team becoming the only team other than the Americans to hold a 4×400 m world record by running 3:03.9 in the final. George Rhoden led a Jamaican one-two with Herb Mckenley in the (individual) 400 m and Mckenley won his second silver in the closest 100 m in Olympic history. Wint won another silver in the 800 m. Jamaica finished a remarkable 13th in the medal table ahead of the likes of Japan, Great Britain and Canada.
At the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Jamaica won one gold courtesy of Keith Gardner in the 120 yard hurdles. Jamaica sent one sole competitor to the 1956 Olympics in Melbourne. It was Keith Gardner but he failed to get through the first round leaving Jamaica with no medals.
At the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, Jamaica won a record haul of 4 golds, 2 silvers and 1 bronze. Paul Foreman led a Jamaican one-two with Deryck Taylor in the long jump, Ernest Haisley won gold in high jump and Keith Gardner retained his 120yards hurdle title by setting a new commonwealth record of 14.0 seconds and won another gold in the 100yards.
1960s
For the 1960 Olympics, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados entered a joint team known as theBritish West Indies Federation (BWI). The team won two bronzes from George Kerr in the 800 m and the men’s 4 x 400 m relay team of Kerr, James Wedderburn, Keith Gardner and Malcolm Spence. At the1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games Jamaica won two athletics golds. One in the Men’s 440 yards from George Kerr and one from the Men’s 4x440yards team of Kerr, Lawrence Khan, Malcolm Spence and Mellville Spence. Kerr then followed up with silver in the 880 yards. Unfortunately at theTokyo Olympics in 1964 Jamaica failed to win any medals. The 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were the first to be held in Jamaica and the first outside the “White Commonwealth”. Much to the disappointment of the Kingston crowd, Jamaica didn’t win any gold medals. Carmen Smith and Una Morris became Jamaica’s first major female athletics medalists by winning a silver and bronzes respectively. The Jamaican Men’s 4x110yards team of Lynnsworth Headley, Mike Fray, Pablo McNeill and Wellesley Clayton also got silver and there were another three bronzes won by the team on the track. At the 1968 Olympics Lennox Miller won a silver medal behind record breaking Jim Hines in the 100 m and the Jamaican 4×100 m relay team was a huge gold medal prospect as they had the 100 m silver medalist Lennox Miller, they smashed the world record in the heats but Errol Stewart, Mike Fray, Clifton Forbes and Lennox Miller could only manage fourth place in the final and looked on as the Americans broke the world record they had set only a day before. Jamaica left Mexico with a sole silver medal.
1970s
In 1970, Jamaica equalled its 1958 record haul in the 1970 British Commonwealth Games of 4 golds 2 silvers and a bronze. Marilyn Neufville won gold for Jamaica in the 400 m after switching to Jamaica from her adopted nation, Great Britain. A nineteen year old Donald Quarrie won two golds by winning the sprint double and led a one-two with Lennox Miller in the 100 m. The men’s 4×100 m team of Carl Lawson, Don Quarrie, Erroll Stewart and Lennox Miller also won gold.
At the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, it was once again Lennox Miller that won the sole medal this time it was bronze. The 1974 British Commonwealth Games were held in Christchurch, New Zealand. Quarrie retained his Commonwealth Gold Medals. In 1976 Donald Quarrie managed to become Jamaica’s first Olympic champion in 24 years when he won the 200 m at the Montreal Olympics. Quarrie also finished second in the 100 m, which earned him a silver medal. In 1978 Donald Quarrie won the 100 m Commonwealth Gold for the third time in a row. The Men’s 4×400 m relay team of Bertland Cameron, Clive Barriffe, Colin Bradford and Floyd Brown won silver. Colin Bradford won bronze in the 200 m and another bronze with the Men’s 4×100 m team of Errol Quarrie, Floyd Brown and Oliver Heywood.
1980s
At the 1980 Moscow Olympics, Jamaica won a bronze medal in cycling and won two more bronze medals in athletics. Those medals came thanks to Donald Quarrie in the 200 m and 20 year old Merlene Ottey who became the first female athlete from an English speaking Caribbean island to win an Olympic medal after winning bronze in the 200 m. The 1982 Commonwealth Games was where Ottey won her first gold medal, in the 200 m by setting a new commonwealth record of 22.19 seconds. She also won silver in the 100 m and helped the Jamaican women’s 4×100 m team of Cathy Rattray-Williams, Grace Jackson and Leileth Hodges to bronze. Bertland “Bert” Cameron became 400 m Commonwealth champion winning him Jamaica Sportsman of the year.
In 1983, the first ever World Championships in Athletics were held. This gave Jamaican athletes more opportunities to win major medals. Bert Cameron became the first ever 400 m World Champion. Merlene Ottey also got silver in the 200 m. The women’s 4×100 m team (Leleith Hodges, Jacqueline Pusey, Juliet Cuthbert, and Merlene Ottey) also won a bronze medal.
At the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984, Merlene Ottey-Page won two bronzes (in the 100 and 200 m). The Men’s 4×100 m team of Albert Lawrence, Gregory Meghoo, Donald Quarrie and Raymond Stewart won Olympic silver as well. Jamaica boycotted the 1986 Commonwealth Games over Margaret Thatcher‘s stance on apartheid era South Africa. They were however at the 1987 World Athletics Championships. There were no gold medallists but Raymond Stewart won silver in the 100 m and Merlene Ottey won two more bronzes (again in the 100 m and 200 m) to put in her medal cabinet. The Men’s 4×100 m team of John Mair, Andrew Smith, Clive Wright and Raymond Stewart won another bronze to add to the medal tally. At the 1988 Olympics in Seoul Grace Jackson won one silver in the 200 m and so did the men’s 4×400 m relay team of Howard Davis, Devon Morris, Winthrop Graham and Bert Cameron. Surprisingly Merlene Ottey didn’t win any medals at these games.
1990s
Merlene Ottey, former 200 m World Champion.
The early nineties was a successful time for Jamaican athletics withMerlene Ottey on top form. The decade started with theCommonwealth Games in Auckland. Ottey won the sprint double just like Quarrie had done 26 years before her. Both men’s relay teams won bronzes. The 4×100 m team featured Clive Wright, John Mair, Raymond Stewart and Wayne Watson. The 4×400 m team featured Wright, Devon Morris, Howard Burnett and Mair. Next up was the 1991 World Championships in Japan the only gold was the women’s 4×100 m team of Dahlia Duhaney, Juliet Cuthbert, Beverly McDonald and Merlene Ottey. Winthrop Graham managed silver in the 400 m hurdles and Merlene Ottey once again won two bronzes in the 100 m and 200 m, and the men’s 4×400 m team of Patrick O’Connor, Devon Morris, Winthrop Graham and Seymour Fagan also won bronze giving Jamaica a record World championship medal tally of 1 gold 1 silver and 3 bronzes.
The next Olympics were in 1992 in Barcelona and Jamaica had many athletes capable of winning the Olympic Gold medal but none rose to the occasion. Juliet Cuthbert came close but could only manage two silvers (in the 100 m and 200 m) and Winthrop Graham won silver in the 400 m hurdles behind record breaking Kevin Young. Merlene Ottey won two more Olympic Bronzes (that was in the 100 m and 200 m behind younger team mate Juliet Cuthbert) and many were starting to say she should retire.
A year later at the 1993 World Championships, Ottey proved the critics wrong by becoming World 200 m Champion at the age of 33. She then won silver in the 100 m. She would return to earn a bronze medal on the women’s 4×100 m team (Michelle Freeman, Juliet Campbell, Nikole Mitchell, and Merlene Ottey). Also Winthrop Graham in the 400 m hurdles and Sandie Richards in the women’s 400 m, won bronze medals.
At the 1994 Commonwealth Games two young athletes were the only gold medallists 25 year oldMichelle Freeman won gold in the sprint hurdles and 22 year old Inez Turner won gold in the 800 m.Merlene Ottey retained her 200 m crown at the 1995 world championships in Gothenburg. Once again she won 100 m silver. At this championships Jamaica achieved another record haul of 1 gold 4 silvers and 2 bronzes. This included silvers for James Beckford in the Long Jump, the men’s 4×400 m team (Michael McDonald, Davian Clarke, Danny McFarlane, and Greg Haughton), and the women’s 4×100 m team (Dahlia Duhaney, Juliet Cuthbert, Beverly McDonald, and Merlene Ottey), as well as, bronzes forGreg Haughton in the men’s 400 m and Deon Hemmings in the women’s 400 m hurdles.
Many believed the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta would be Ottey’s last as she was then 36. Ottey won silver in the closest women’s Olympic 100 m in history as her and Gail Devers were given the same time of 10.94 but the judges gave it to Devers on the photo finish. Like Herb Mckenley 44 years before her this was the closest Ottey ever was to an individual Olympic Gold medal. She also won a silver in the 200 and showed no signs of stopping. At this Olympics Ottey’s achievements were overshadowed by Jamaica’s first Olympic champion since Donald Quarrie and first female Olympic champion. Her name was Deon Hemmings and she won the 400 m hurdles in a new Olympic record of 52.82. James Beckfordalso managed a long jump silver medal. The women’s 4×100 m team (Michelle Freeman, Juliet Cuthbert, Nikole Mitchell, Merlene Ottey, Gillian Russell, and Andrea Lloyd) and the men’s 4×400 m team (Michael McDonald, Greg Haughton, Roxbert Martin, Davian Clarke, Dennis Blake, and Garth Robinson) both won bronze medals as well, so that Jamaica ended with 1 gold, 3 silver and 2 bronze.
The next year at the 1997 world championships, Jamaica won no golds but managed 3 silvers and 4 bronzes. Alexandra “Sandie” Richards won silver in the 400 m. Olympic champion Deon Hemmings won silver in the 400 m hurdles and the women’s 4×100 m team of Beverly McDonald, Merlene Frazer, Juliet Cuthbert and Beverly Grant won silver. The ageless wonder Merlene Ottey won bronze in the 200 m,Michelle Freeman also won bronze in the 100 m hurdles, while both 4×400 m men’s (Michael McDonald, Greg Haughton, Danny McFarlane, and Davian Clarke) and women’s (Inez Turner, Lorraine Fenton, Deon Hemmings, and Sandie Richards) teams won bronze medals however after USA’s gold was stripped because it included drug cheat Antonio Pettigrew. Jamaica were promoted to silver medal position making there revised total 4 silvers and 3 bronzes.
In Kuala Lumpur for the 1998 Commonwealth Games Jamaica managed 4 golds Gillian Russell set a new commonwealth record of 12.7 seconds in the 100 m hurdles. Sandie Richards won gold in the 400 m with a new commonwealth record of 50.17. Dinsdale Morgan won gold in the 400 m Hurdles and the men’s 4×400 m team of Davian Clarke, Gregory Haughton, Michael McDonald and Roxbert Martin won gold in a new Commonwealth record to cap off a successful games.
The 1999 World Championships were the last championships before the new millennium. Jamaica won no golds but Beverly McDonald won silver in the 200 m. The rest of the team won 5 bronzes including Deon Hemmings in the 400 m hurdles, Lorraine Fenton in the 400 m, Merlene Frazer in the 200 m, the women’s 4×100 m team (Aleen Bailey, Merlene Frazer, Beverly McDonald, and Peta-Gaye Dowdie), and the men’s 4×400 m team (Michael McDonald, Greg Haughton, Danny McFarlane, and Davian Clarke). The bronze awarded to the Jamaican men’s 4×400 m team was later upgraded to a silver medal after the US team, that originally won the event, admitted to using performance enhancing drugs.
Early 2000s
There was a lot of controversy before the Millennium Olympics in Sydney which almost resulted in Jamaica being thrown out of the competition. The reason was that there were protests in the Olympic village because they believed Merlene Ottey had bullied herself into the team as she had finished fourth in the trials but made the team ahead of Peta-Gaye Dowdie who finished ahead of her in the trials. Jamaica won no gold medals at the 2000 Olympics but Lorraine Fenton in the 400 m, defending Olympic champion Deon Hemmings in the 400 m hurdles, the women’s 4×400 m relay team with Sandie Richards, Catherine Scott, Deon Hemmings, and Lorraine Fenton, and the women’s 4×100 m team featuring Tanya Lawrence, Veronica Campbell, Beverly McDonald and 40 year old Merlene Ottey, all won silvers. This made Ottey the oldest ever athletics medallist. Greg Haughton and Tayna Lawrence won bronzes in the 400 m and 100 m respectively while the mens 4×400 m team (Michael Blackwood, Greg Haughton, Christopher Williams, Danny McFarlane, Sanjay Ayre, and Michael McDonald) also copped a bronze medal. Jamaica ended that games with a tally of 4 silver and 3 bronzes. A year later Ottey started competing for Slovenia because of the 2000 controversy. The controversy continued after them 2000 Olympics after it was revealed that America’s Marion Jones had taken performance enhancing drugs. All her medals were stripped. This gained Tanya Lawrence a 100 m silver medal, Merlene Ottey a 100 m bronze and 200 m bronze for Beverly McDonald. This made Jamaica’s revised medal total 5 silvers and 4 bronzes.
The 2001 World Championships was next and Jamaica won gold thanks to the women’s 4×400 m team of Sandie Richards, Catherine Scott, Debbie-Ann Parris, and Lorraine Fenton‘s world leading run.Christopher Williams and Lorraine Fenton both got well earned silvers in the 200 m and 400 m repesctively, while Greg Haughton in the men’s 400 m, the men’s 4×400 m team (Brandon Simpson, Christopher Williams, Greg Haughton, and Danny McFarlane), and the women’s 4×100 m team (Juliet Campbell, Merlene Frazer, Beverly McDonald, and Astia Walker) won bronzes. Here Jamaica finished with a tally of 1 gold, 2 silver and 3 bronze.
Veronica Campbell-Brown, two-time 200 m Olympic Champion and 100 m World Champion.
2002 was a record breaking year for Jamaica as they won a record haul of medals at the Commonwealth Games . In total they won 4 gold medals 6 silvers and 7 bronzes. Claston Bernard won the Decathlon gold. Elva Goldbourne leaped to long jump gold. Michael Blackwood sped to 400 m gold and Lacena Golding-Clarke glided to 100 m hurdles gold.
2003 was disappointing for Jamaican athletics; they won no golds at the world championships but James Beckford in the long jump, Lorraine Fenton in the 400 m, Brigitte Foster-Hylton in the 100 m hurdles and the men’s 4×400 m team (Brandon Simpson, Danny McFarlane, Davian Clarke and Michael Blackwood) all won silver.Michael Blackwood‘s bronze in the men’s 400 m and the 4×400 m women’s team (Allison Beckford, Lorraine Fenton, Ronetta Smith, and Sandie Richards) also won bronze to round out the medal haul of 4 silver and 2 bronze.
The 2004 Olympics in Athens was lit up by Jamaican golden girlVeronica Campbell, first she won bronze in the 100 m, next she won gold in the 200 m to become the first Caribbean woman to win an individual sprint event at the Olympics, then she anchored the 4×100 m team that included Tanya Lawrence, Aleen Bailey and Sherone Simpson to a famous victory. Danny McFarlane then won a surprise silver medal in the 400 m hurdles, and the 4×400 m women’s team (Novlene Williams, Michelle Burgher, Nadia Davy, Sandie Richards, and Ronetta Smith) got bronze, for a total of 5 medals – 2 gold, 1 silver, and 2 bronze to Jamaica.
Asafa Powell, former 100 m World Record Holder.
In 2005 at the world championships, Jamaica received a record haul of medals they won 1 gold medal 5 silvers and 2 bronzes. Trecia Smith won the gold in the triple jump. Veronica Campbell in the women’s 100 m, Michael Frater in the men’s 100 m, Delloreen Ennis-London in the 100 m hurdles, and the women’s 4×100 m (Daniele Browning, Sherone Simpson, Aleen Bailey, and Veronica Campbell) and 4×400 m (Shericka Williams, Novlene Williams, Ronetta Smith, and Lorraine Fenton) teams, all won silver medals. Brigitte Foster-Hylton finished behind Ennis-London for bronze in the 100 m hurdles, and the men’s 4×400 m team (Sanjay Ayre, Brandon Simpson, Lansford Spence, and Davian Clarke) also finished with bronze. With an overall tally of 8 medals, Jamaica finished 5th in the medal table ahead of Great Britain and Germany.
More records were broken at the 2006 Commonwealth Games as Jamaica got 10 golds more than double the previous record. In total they won 10 gold medals 4 silvers 8 bronzes. Gold medallists were the then World 100 m record holder Asafa Powell in the men’s 100 m, Sheri-Ann Brooks in the women’s 100 m, Maurice Wignall in the110 m hurdles, Trecia Smith in the triple jump, Tanto Campbell in the Men’s seated discus throw, Omar Brown in the 200 m, Brigitte Foster-Hylton in the 100 m hurdles, Men’s 4×100 m team of Ainsley Waugh, Asafa Powell, Chris Williams and Michael Frater, and the Women’s 4×100 m team of Daniele Browning, Peta Dowdie, Sheri-Ann Brooks and Sherone Simpson.
2007 was yet another record breaking year for Jamaican athletics as there was another record haul at the 2007 World Championships Veronica Campbell won gold in the 100 m but had to settle for a silver in the 200 m. This championships also saw the emergence of a young Usain Bolt achieving a silver in the Men’s 200 m while Asafa Powell could only manage a bronze medal in the Men’s 100 m. Maurice Smithwon silver in the Decathlon, and both the 4×100 m Men’s (Marvin Anderson, Usain Bolt, Nesta Carter, and Asafa Powell) and Women’s (Sheri-Ann Brooks, Kerron Stewart, Simone Facey, and Veronica Campbell) sprint relay teams finished with silvers, as well as the 4×400 m women’s team (Shericka Williams, Shereefa Lloyd, Davita Prendagast, and Novlene Williams). Delloreen Ennis-London and Novlene Williams copped bronzes in the 100 m hurdles and 400 m respectively. In total the team won 1 gold medal 6 silver and 3 bronze.
In 2008, 21-year old Usain Bolt proved Jamaica’s dominance in the 100 m which isn’t his favoured event, first running 9.76, becoming second on the all-time list and then on 1 June 2008 he ran 9.72 breaking the 100 m world record held by fellow Jamaican Asafa Powell (9.74 secs) by two hundredths of a second. This meant that the two fastest men in the world were Jamaicans and set up a thrilling contest between World 100 m and 200 m Champion, Tyson Gay of the United States, and the two fastest men in history.
Beijing 2008:”Sprint Dominance”
Usain Bolt, Triple Olympic Champion and World Record Holder.
The first week of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China was quiet for Jamaica, but on Saturday 16 August, Usain Bolt won their first of many gold medals by smashing his own 100 m World Record by 0.03 seconds in the final, recording a time of 9.69 s. In the process he became the first man to go under 9.70 seconds. The feat was made more remarkable by the fact that around 15–20 metres from the line, Bolt slowed down and started to celebrate early by lowering his hands and slapping his chest. There was no wind to either hinder or help his progress (+0.0 m/s), also it turned out that one of his shoelaces came undone during the race. Asafa Powelland Michael Frater who were also in the race for Jamaica, finished fifth and sixth respectively. The American Tyson Gay never made the final.
The next day was the women’s 100 m which was expected to be Jamaica vs the United States. Jamaican Kerron Stewart had looked impressive in the earlier rounds, but in the final, Shelly-Ann Fraserfinished well ahead of the field with Stewart and Sherone Simpson getting joint silver medals after recording identical times. This made Jamaica the first country to get a clean sweep of the medals in the women’s 100 m at the Olympic Games.
On Tuesday,19 August, Shericka Williams won silver in the women’s 400 m by passing the favouriteSanya Richards (who herself is Jamaican- born), on the home straight. This medal gave Jamaica a tally of 2 golds, 3 silvers and no bronzes. However, there was much more to come from the Jamaicans.
On the 20 August, Bolt was back to compete in the final of the 200 m sprint. Before the race, there was a lot of speculation over whether he could break Michael Johnson‘s 12 year-old World Record of 19.32 seconds. In the race, Bolt had a good start and came down the home straight with a considerable lead, continuing to pull away from the rest of the field. He passed the line in a new World Record time of 19.30 seconds. Giving Jamaica a third gold and making him the first man to complete the sprint double sinceCarl Lewis in 1984, and the first to do so in world record times. He also became the second Jamaican to win two gold medals at a single Olympic Games, after George Rhoden in 1952. The same day, Melaine Walker won the women’s 400 m hurdles event in a new Olympic Record time of 52.64 seconds, breaking the old mark set in 1996 by Deon Hemmings.
On the 21 August, Jamaica completed a clean-sweep of all the individual sprints (100 and 200 m), and confirmed the nation’s dominance when Veronica Campbell-Brown successfully defended her Olympic 200 m title winning the event ahead of Allyson Felix of the United States, and Kerron Stewart who took bronze.
On the 22 August, the Jamaican women’s and men’s 4 x 100 m relay teams took to the track. Their chances for victory were boosted when both American 4 x 100 m teams were knocked-out in the heats. The women’s team of Shelly-Ann Fraser, Sherone Simpson, Kerron Stewart and Veronica Campbell-Brown were the first on the track, going reasonably well until the third changeover between Simpson and Stewart, which was poorly timed and resulted in the disqualification of the entire team. However, the men’s team consisting of Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Usain Bolt and Asafa Powell were next. Their own runs went without any problems, Powell received the baton from Bolt well ahead of the other teams, crossing the line in both the fastest electronically timed anchor run ever (8.70 seconds), and an overall World Record time of 37.10 seconds. This was a full 0.30 seconds quicker than the previous world record of 37.40 set by the Americans. Usain Bolt now had three gold medals and three World Records to his credit, and Jamaica had won 5 of the 6 available gold medals in the sprints, the only country to achieve this feat other than the American teams of 1984 and 1988. This made Jamaicans characterize this Olympic games as the “JAlympics”.
Jamaica’s last medal of the games came in the women’s 4 x 400 m relay. The team of Shericka Williams, Shereefa Lloyd, Rosemarie Whyte and Novlene Williams claimed bronze. This finally gave Jamaica a medal tally of 6 golds, 3 silvers and 2 bronzes, smashing the previous national record that was set in 1952, and finishing 13th in the medal table.
Late 2000s
Before the 2009 World Championships in Berlin the Jamaican team was hit by two scandals, a drug scandal with five athletes failing drug tests and the Jamaican athletic association threatening to throw out members of Stephen Francis’s MVP track club which includes Asafa Powell, Brigitte Foster-Hylton, Shericka Williams and Shelly-Ann Fraser after they refused to attend the pre-competition Jamaican training camp. However, this didn’t hinder superstar Jamaican triple Olympic champion Usain Bolt in the 100 m on the 16 August winning gold by smashing his previous world record of 9.69 by 0.11 seconds and running an astonishing 9.58 seconds beating American Tyson Gay by two metres despite Gay running a national record of 9.71. Fellow Jamaican former world record holder Asafa Powell won bronze in a season’s best of 9.84. Bolt broke the 100 m world record by the biggest margin ever in the modern era and became the first human to go under 9.6 seconds.
The very next day on the 17 August was the final of the women’s 100 m. Four Jamaicans had made the final (Aleen Bailey, Shelly-Ann Fraser, Kerron Stewart and Veronica Campbell-Brown) and although the possible 1-2-3-4 failed to materialise Shelly-Ann Fraser sprinted to World gold in 10.73 seconds breaking the great Merlene Ottey 13 year-old national record. Kerron Stewart closed quickly in final stages to get her first World Championship silver in 10.75 seconds equalling her personal best. This meant that after day 3 of the Championships Jamaica were top of the medal table.
On the 18 August in the final of the women’s 400 m Shericka Williams followed her Olympic silver with World silver in a personal best time of 49.32 behind Jamaican-born Sanya Richards.
On day 5 of the championships Jamaicans Brigitte Foster-Hylton and Delloreen Ennis-London made the 100 m hurdles final and Brigitte Foster-Hylton finally delivered on her potential and winning her first world title in 12.51 at the age of 34 with Ennis-London getting bronze with 12.55 also at the age of 35. This brought the Jamaican medal tally to 3 golds 2 silvers and 2 bronzes.
The next day was the night of the women’s 400 m hurdles final and the men’s 200 m final. First up was the women’s 400 m hurdles with Olympic champion Melaine Walker despite not being favourite Walker flew to a new championship record of 52.42 to win the gold in the second fastest time in history. This took Jamaica above USA at the top of the medal table for the second time of the championships.
On the same night Usain Bolt lined up for the 200 m final despite looking fatigued for the preliminary rounds in the final he ran a world record time of 19.19 seconds meaning that for everyone of his golds he had broken the world record and also that in Berlin he had knocked more than a tenth of a second of both his previous world records. The final was the first to have five men going under 20 seconds but despite this Bolt was two metres ahead of the field coming of the bend and just kept on running.
On the 21 August double Olympic champion Veronica Campbell-Brown couldn’t replicate Bolt’s 200 m success as she won silver in the 200 m final behind American Allyson Felix in a time of 22.35.
On day 8 of the Championships was the day of the sprint relays and the women’s 4×100 m was withoutUSA meaning that Jamaica were clear favourites as long as they got the baton round which is what they did as the team of Simone Facey 200 m finalist, Shelly-Ann Fraser 100 m gold medalist, Aleen Bailey100 m finalist and Kerron Stewart 100 m silver medalist on the final leg ran 42.06 to win Jamaica’s 6th gold medal. The male quartet were seemingly inspired by their female counterparts as the team of Steve Mullings 200 m finalist, Michael Frater 100 m semi-finalist, Usain Bolt Double World Champion, Triple Olympic champion and Triple world record holder and on the last leg Asafa Powell world bronze medalist as he anchored the team to a new championship record of 37.31.
This also meant Jamaica had 7 championship golds doubling the tally of all previous championships altogether with one more event to go.
Jamaica’s final medal came in women’s 4×400 m relay as the quartet of Rosemarie Whyte, Novlene Williams-Mills, Shereefa Lloyd and Shericka Williams comfortably beat the Russia team to win a silver medal meaning Jamaica finished the Championships 2nd on the medal table with 7 golds, 4 silvers and 2 bronzes.
2010s
Many of Jamaica’s superstars didn’t attend the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi mainly becauase of it being held outside of the traditional athletics season. The weakened Jamaica team came back from Delhi with 2 golds, 4 silvers and 1 bronze. The golds came from Lerone Clarke in the men’s 100mwinning despite being only the 8th ranked Jamaican in the world that year and Trecia Smith retained her women’s triple jump title from Melbourne with a jump of 14.19m. The four silvers came from Dorian Scottin the men’s shot put, Sheeree Francis in the women’s high jump, Lansford Spence in the men’s 200m and the Men’s 4x100m relay team. Nickiesha Wilson won bronze in the women’s 400m hurdles.
Youth athletic development in Jamaica
Most Jamaican schools have an athletics program in the curriculum, so Jamaican children are into athletics at a young age. Budding young athletes have to impress at primary school level as this can get them recognised by good athletics schools like Kingston College and Vere Technical High. The most important athletics event in Jamaica is the VMBS Boys and Girls Athletics Championships (colloquially known simply as ‘Champs’)[1] which begun in 1910 at Sabina Park and were won by Wolmer’s High School, these championships are a chance for athletes under 19 to show off their talents to national and overseas coaches. These championships are incredibly popular in Jamaica and the athletes are normally competing to crowds of 20-25,000 people which is good preparation for major championships and some of the championship records are world class. The championships are the climax of a series of athletics meets for under-19s in Jamaica and this is similar to the grand-prix series which is normally climaxed by a major championships in Senior athletics. Dominant athletes are normally picked for the Penn Relayswhich is a competition where the best Jamaican schools and universities compete against the best American schools and universities. Herb McKenley entered the first Jamaican high school team in to thePenn Relays in 1964 and since then Jamaicans have won more than half the events.
Top 5 Jamaican 100 m Athletes – Women
(Updated 31 May 2011.)
Rank Time Athlete Nation Date Location 1. 10.73 Shelly-Ann Fraser Jamaica
17 August 2009 Berlin 2. 10.74 Merlene Ottey Jamaica
7 September 1996 Milan 3. 10.75 Kerron Stewart Jamaica
10 July 2009 Rome 4. 10.76 Veronica Campbell Jamaica
31 May 2011 Ostrava, Czech Republic 5. 10.82 Sherone Simpson Jamaica
24 May 2006 Kingston, Jamaica Top 5 Jamaican 100 m Athletes — men
See also: 10-second barrierUpdated 30 June 2011
Rank Time Athlete Nation Date Location 1 9.58 Usain Bolt Jamaica
16 August 2009 Berlin, Germany 2 9.72 Asafa Powell Jamaica
2 September 2008 Lausanne, Switzerland 3 9.78 Nesta Carter Jamaica
29 August 2010 Rieti, Italy 4 9.80 Steve Mullings Jamaica
4 June 2011 Eugene, USA 5 9.88 Michael Frater Jamaica
30 June 2011 Lausanne, Switzerland Jamaicans in America
Many Jamaican athletes chose to train in the United States to use the better facilities. There are currently 21 Jamaican coaches in American universities. The American university system gives athletes the chance to continue their academic studies and train to become an international athlete at the same time. Over 200 Jamaican athletes train in America. Most of Jamaica’s successful athletes have come through the American collegial system, including Jamaican pioneers Herb McKenley, who attended theUniversity of Illinois, Leslie Laing, who attended University of California and George Rhoden, who attended Morgan State University. Although Jamaicans are starting to stay in Jamaica with successful results.
Coaching in Jamaica
In recent years, Jamaican athletes have decided to stay in Jamaica to train. Stephen Francis a Jamaican coach created the MVP (Maximising Velocity and Power) club in 2001 based in University of Technology (UTech), Kingston. He created this club because he felt Jamaican athletes were becoming “Americans” not interested in coming back to Jamaica. In 2001 Brigitte Foster-Hylton came from America and joined this club. Foster was an unknown in the first year so no one was interested in sponsoring her. Francis sold his car to keep funding the club. In late 2001 Asafa Powell an athlete with a personal best of 10.70 joined the club. In the years to come Asafa Powell smashed the 100 m world record twice. Bridgette set a new national record in the 100 m hurdles and is now Commonwealth champion. Sherone Simpson hadn’t won a race and since joining the club she is now one of the world’s top sprinters and Olympic silver medallist. Francis also coaches 100 m Olympic Champion Shelly-Ann Fraser, Olympic 400 m silver medallist Shericka Williams and 400 m hurdles Olympic Gold medalistMelaine Walker. Francis has also influenced the careers of Ainsley Waugh and Germaine Mason. Jamaica’s recent successes are thanks to home based coaches like Stephen Francis and if Jamaica can continue producing coaches like Stephen Francis they will remain successful. A few years ago the Jamaican Amateur Athletic Association (JAAA) built the High Performance Training Centre in UTech to try to get athletes to stay in Jamaica since it was built there are now several high profile athletes from all over the Caribbean training there including triple Olympic champion Usain Bolt, under the tutelage of Jamaican Sprint Guru Glen Mills. Glen Mills has recently set up a new club in Jamaica called the Racers Track Club which has athletes such as Usain Bolt and Daniel Bailey from Antigua.
Jamaican-born athletes who have competed for other countries
Many Jamaican-born athletes have chosen to compete for other nations. Linford Christie was born inSaint Andrew, Jamaica he immigrated to Britain at the age of seven and competed for them. He won three European Championship golds, three Commonwealth golds, one World gold and an Olympic Gold medal in the 100 m. Tessa Sanderson was born in Saint Catherine, Jamaica she immigrated to Britain she won two Commonwealth golds and an Olympic Gold for her adopted nation. Former world record holder Donovan Bailey was born in Manchester, Jamaica but immigrated to Canada at the age of 13. He went on to win 3 World Championship golds and 2 Olympic Golds for Canada. Sanya Richards was born in Kingston, Jamaica she moved to America at twelve years old. Despite being the daughter of a Jamaican football player Sanya chose to compete for the United States. In 2005 she won a silver medal at the World Championships and in 2008 won Olympic bronze. However in 2009 she finally fulfilled her potential by becoming world champion in the 400 m. Canadian Ben Johnson was born in Falmouth, Jamaica and immigrated to Canada at the age of 15 he has won two Olympic bronzes. Angella Taylorwas born in Jamaica but competed for Canada. She won two Commonwealth golds it was later discovered that she was part of a doping regime with Ben Johnson. Sprinter Charmaine Crookscompeted at four consecutive Olympics for Canada winning a silver medal in the 4×400 m relay but was actually born in Mandeville, Jamaica. High jumper Germaine Mason originally competed for Jamaica as he was born in Kingston but switched to Great Britain as his father was born there. He won an Olympicsilver medal in 2008.
Athletes who have Jamaican parentage
There are also some star athletes with Jamaican parentage. Kelly Holmes’s father is Jamaican. Kelly won two Olympic Golds in 2004 and has won two Commonwealth Golds for Great Britain. Denise Lewis’s mother was born in Hanover, Jamaica. Denise won Olympic gold in 2000. She also won a European Championship gold and two Commonwealth golds for Great Britain. Both of hurdler Colin Jackson’s parents were born in Jamaica but he competed for Great Britain. Colin won two World Championship golds and an Olympic Silver. American sprinter Inger Miller is the daughter of Jamaican Olympic legend Lennox Miller. Inger won two World Championship golds. Italian long jumper Fiona Mayhas Jamaican parentage. Fiona won two World Championship golds. Derrick Atkins won 100 m silver at the 2007 World Championships he is the cousin of former world record holder Asafa Powell as his parents are originally from Jamaica. Great Britain’s 2009 world heptahlon champion Jessica Ennis has a father who was born in St Catherine, Jamaica and moved to Britain when he was 13. The mother of former Trinidad sprinter Ato Boldon is also Jamaican.
References
Denise Lewis(2001) Personal Best London: Century ISBN 0712677372
Sources
- Commonwealth Games Results
- Jamaicans.com
- Penn Relays Results
- Jamaican Amateur Athletics Association
- Sporting Heroes
- Olympic Results
- VMBS Boys and Girls Athletic Championship Results
- Jamaica Gleaner
- Jamaican Athletics Information and Results
- International Olympic Committee
- Athletics Statistics
- 2008 Olympic Results
- BBC Article